Eight people with no formal training in astrophysics helped discover
what could be a fruitful new place to search for planets outside our
solar system - a large disk of gas and dust encircling a star known
as a circumstellar disk.
A paper, published in The Astrophysical
Journal Letters and coauthored by eight citizen scientists involved
in the discovery, describes a newly identified red dwarf star,
AWI0005x3s, and its warm circumstellar disk, the kind associated with
young planetary systems. Most of the exoplanets, which are planets
outside our solar system, that have been imaged to date dwell in
disks similar to the one around AWI0005x3s.
The disk and its
star are located in what is dubbed the Carina association - a large,
loose grouping of similar stars in the Carina Nebula approximately
212 light years from our sun. Its relative proximity to Earth will
make it easier to conduct follow-on studies.
Since the launch
of
NASA's Disk Detective website in January 2014, approximately
30,000 citizen scientists have performed roughly two million
classifications of stellar objects, including those that led to this
discovery. Through Disk Detective, citizen scientists study data from
NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission (
WISE), the
agency's Two-Micron All Sky Survey project, and other stellar
surveys.
"Without the help of the
citizen scientists examining these objects and finding the good ones,
we might never have spotted this object," said Marc Kuchner, an
astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Fight Center in Greenbelt,
Maryland, who leads Disk Detective. "The WISE mission alone
found 747 million objects, of which we expect a few thousand to be
circumstellar disks."
The eight citizen scientist
co-authors, members of an advanced user group, volunteered to help by
researching disk candidates. Their data led to the discovery of this
new disk.
Disk Detective is a collaboration between NASA,
Zooniverse, the University of Oklahoma, University of Córdoba in
Argentina, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Space
Telescope Science Institute, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, University of
Hawaii and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute.