NASA
and Lockheed Martin engineers have installed the largest heat shield
ever constructed on the crew module of the agency's new Orion
spacecraft. The work marks a major milestone on the path toward the
spacecraft's first launch in December.
The
heat shield is made of a coating called Avcoat, which burns away as
it heats up in a process called ablation to prevent the transfer of
extreme temperatures to the crew module. The Avcoat is covered with a
silver reflective tape that protects the material from the extreme
cold temperatures of space.
Orion’s
flight test, known as Exploration Flight Test-1, will provide
engineers with data about the heat shield's ability to protect Orion
and its future crews from the 4,000-degree heat of reentry and an
ocean splashdown following the spacecraft’s 20,000-mile per hour
reentry from space.
Orion's
missions will include exploring an asteroid and Mars.
Orion's
flight test also will provide important data for the agency’s Space
Launch System (SLS) rocket and ocean recovery of the spacecraft.
Engineers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,
Ala., have built an advanced adapter to connect Orion to the United
Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket that will launch the spacecraft
during the December test. The adapter also will be used during future
SLS missions. NASA’s Ground Systems Development and Operations
Program, based at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, will recover the
Orion crew module with the U.S. Navy after its splashdown in the
Pacific Ocean.
The
heat shield was manufactured at Lockheed Martin's Waterton Facility
near Denver, Colo. Construction was completed at Textron Defense
Systems near Boston, Mass., before the heat shield was shipped to the
Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy, where Orion is being
assembled.
In
the coming months, the Orion crew and service modules will be joined
and put through functional tests before the spacecraft is transported
to Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility for fueling. The
spacecraft then will be transferred to the Launch Abort System (LAS)
Facility to be connected to the LAS before making the journey to Cape
Canaveral’s Space Launch Complex 37 for pad integration and launch
operations.